Line Item Veto and Why Presidents Still Cannot Do It

In the United States government, the line-item veto is the right of the chief executive to nullify or cancel individual provisions bills—usually budget appropriations bills—without vetoing the entire bill. Like regular vetoes, line-item vetoes are usually subject to the possibility of being overridden by the legislative body. While many state governors have line-item veto power, the President of the United States does not. The line item veto is exactly what you might do when your grocery tab runs to $20.00, but you only have $15.00 on you. Instead of adding to your total debt by paying with a credit card, you put back $5.00 worth of items you don’t really need. The line item veto — the power to not buy unneeded items — is a power U.S. presidents have long wanted but have just as long been denied. The line-item veto, sometimes called the partial veto, is a type of veto that would give the President of the United States the power to cancel an individual provision or provisions - line-items - in spending, or appropriations bills, without vetoing the entire bill. Like traditional presidential vetoes, a line-item veto could be overridden by Congress. Line Item Veto Pros and Cons Proponents of the line-item veto argue that it would allow the president to cut wasteful pork barrel or earmark spending from the federal budget.Opponents argue that it would continue a trend of increasing the power of the executive branch of government at the expense of the legislative branch. Opponents also argue, and the Supreme Court has agreed, that the line-item veto is unconstitutional. In addition, they say it would not reduce wasteful spending and could even make it worse. History of the Line-Item Veto Virtually every president since Ulysses S. Grant has asked Congress for line-veto power. President Clinton actually got but did not keep it long.On April 9, 1996, former President Bill Clinton signed the 1996 Line Item Veto Act, which had been championed through Congress by Senators Bob Dole (R-Kansas), and John McCain (R-Arizona), with the support of several Democrats. On August 11, 1997, President Clinton used the line-item veto for the first time to cut three measures from an expansive spending and taxation bill. At the bills signing ceremony, Clinton declared the selective veto a cost-cutting breakthrough and a victory over Washington lobbyists and special interest groups. From now on, presidents will be able to say no to wasteful spending or tax loopholes, even as they say yes to vital legislation, said President Clinton. But, from now on wasnt for long at all. Clinton used the line-item veto two more times in 1997, cutting one measure from the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and two provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. Almost immediately, groups aggrieved by the action, including the City of New York, challenged the line-item veto law in court. On February 12, 1998, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia declared the 1996 Line Item Veto Act unconstitutional, and the Clinton administration appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. In a 6-3 ruling issued on June 25, 1998, the Supreme Court, in the case of Clinton v. City of New York upheld the District Courts decision, overturning the 1996 Line Item Veto Act as a violation of the Presentment Clause, (Article I, Section 7), of the U.S. Constitution. By the time the Supreme Court took the power away from him, President Clinton has used the line-item veto to cut 82 items from 11 spending bills. While Congress overrode 38 of Clintons line-item vetoes, the Congressional Budget Office estimated the 44 line-item vetoes that stood saved the government almost $2 billion. Why is the Line-Item Veto Unconstitutional? The Constitutions Presentment Clause cited by the Supreme Court spells out the basic legislative process by declaring that any bill, before being presented to the president for his or her signature, must have been passed by both the Senate and the House. In using the line-item veto to delete individual measures, the president is actually amending bills, a legislative power granted exclusively to Congress by the Constitution. In the courts majority opinion, Justice John Paul Stevens wrote: there is no provision in the Constitution that authorizes the president to enact, to amend or to repeal statutes. The court also held that the line-item veto violated the principles of the separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches of the federal government. In his concurring opinion, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote that the undeniable effects of the line-item veto were to enhance the Presidents power to reward one group and punish another, to help one set of taxpayers and hurt another, to favor one State and ignore another. Congressmen and Senators Object to Line-Item Veto Historically, most members of the U.S. Congress have opposed a constitutional amendment granting the president a permanent line-item veto. Lawmakers rightfully fear the power would enable the president to veto their earmark or â€Å"pork barrel† projects they have traditionally added to the appropriations bills of the annual federal budget. In this manner, the president could use the line-item veto to punish members of Congress who have opposed his or her policy, thus bypassing the separation of powers between the Executive and Legislative branches of the federal government.

The Security Of A Bank Transaction, Online Shopping Or...

ABSTRACT Whether it be transferring of funds, making a bank transaction, online-shopping or booking flight tickets on our mobile app, these things have never been so quick and hassle free as today. Evolution of banking sector has been phenomenal. Moreover, the present, ever expanding, inculcation of digital technology has accommodated, within its premise, a further lag in analyzing the consequential stakes. A common practice of espionage targets both banking institution as well as its customers. Strikingly, the frontier between the different security threats are fuzzy, either due to the complexity of domain or the ever-increasing customer base. The banks are governed by some regulations and policies, yet it does have a scope for the well-equipped sophisticated fraudsters to function with seeming impunity. Besides, the complexity that governs these frauds is even more baffling. A bank fraud can cause notable damage at an unprecedented scale, be it to an individual customer or the complete organization. Over and above, today a bank fraud cannot be claimed as furtiveness and anonymity are apparent rewards of choosing Internet as the base platform. Every niche of our socio-economic environment is technology dependent which proportionately increases the vulnerability of the entire plot to frauds. Threat such as breach of certitude necessitates constant awareness and diligence for mitigating and preventing unseen frauds. Definitely we cannot suppress these frauds but theirShow MoreRelatedAir Asia Marketing Plan17846 Words   |  72 Pageswhich is expected to be operational by end 2011. [1] AirAsia focuses on high frequency and h igh turnaround of flights, both of which add to customer convenience and greater cost efficiencies. Its turnaround of 25 minutes is the fastest in the region. In AirAsia there are no frequent flyer miles or airport lounges in exchange for lower fares. Guests have the choice of paying for in-flight meals, snacks and drinks. In addition, a decision was made in December 2004 to convert the existing fleet of ageingRead MoreAir Asia Marketing Plan17833 Words   |  72 Pageswhich is expected to be operational by end 2011. [1] AirAsia focuses on high frequency and high turnaround of flights, both of which add to customer convenience and greater cost efficiencies. Its turnaround of 25 minutes is the fastest in the region. In AirAsia there are no frequent flyer miles or airport lounges in exchange for lower fares. Guests have the choice of paying for in-flight meals, snacks and drinks. In addition, a decision was made in December 2004 to convert the existing fleet of ageingRead MoreSocial Legal and Economic Impact of Ebusiness in Ireland13799 Words   |  56 PagesIntroduction 4 Research Methods 4 Evolution of the Internet 6 Dot-Com Boom 7 eBusiness Development 8 Introduction – Social Impact 10 Social Impact of eBusiness – Positives 10 Improve Life of Disabled 10 Provide Information to those with Illness 11 Online Counselling 11 Personal Development 12 Enhanced Leisure Time 13 Greater Awareness of Important Causes and Charities 14 Fifteen Minutes of Fame 15 Social Networking 16 People Better Informed about their Tax and SW Entitlements 17 Study andRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesMachine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. 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Architecture And The Development Of Large Cities - 1301 Words

Ancient Near East has always been one of the major themes studied within Western Art. Many impressive constructions characterize this culture: temples, gates, palaces and sculptures pieces. Architecture and the development of large cities, such as Persepolis Palace, is a widely interesting matter. This type of design provides the essential information on who build it, why it was build, for whom and what it signifies to the people; it offers information of the communities thoughts, beliefs and form of living. It was around 520 BCE when Darius I began the construction of the ambitious Persepolis Palace, covering a 125.000 square-meter. The construction of this, located in the Plateau of the Zagros lands or Fars Providence, Iran, made the workers acknowledge many international styles. To the people, it was a constant reminder of an entrance of all people. While grey limestone was the main material used, other supplies found around the whole empire also helped with the construction: cedar coming from Lebanon, yaka wood coming from Gandhara and Carmania and bricks coming from Babylon. With great material used, the structure came to include courts, halls, and columns. The Persepolis Palace, constructed by the great Darius I, expresses an internationalist style that establishes the respectable knowledge of a powerful leader who depicted hospitality and the centralization of the nation’s government within the palace. By also tracing a historical and cultural background of theShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Prefabricated Tower Block900 Words   |  4 Pagescontemporary architecture which was codified at the state level. 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Chinese cities are entering the era of the craziest, however, its soon coming to an end. Last month Xi Jinping’s comment, â€Å"No more weird architecture has caused an uproar in the construction industry: the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is organising expert discussions will likely strengthen the construction of publicRead More Dublin City Hall Architectural Analysis1885 Words   |  7 Pagessummary City Hall is regarded as one of the city’s finest neoclassical buildings (Noel Byrne, 2013). It is spectacular piece of architecture, designed by Thomas Cooley and built as the Royal Exchange for a then prosperous Dublin’s merchant population (Heritage Island, 2014). The thesis is completed detailed history interior architecture analysis of 18th century Irish building which is representative to Neoclassicism. 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Amidst radical interventions at the macro-level new urban landscapes create views of the city im posed by specific architectural identities and synchronized municipal and rigid political structures. Therefore, these spaces organise and manage the spatial flow of inhabitants in cities. Nevertheless, on the ground the cacophony of audio-visual experiences produces ongoing sensory surfaces

Classification Of The Sumatran Tiger - 949 Words

Taxonomic Classification of the Sumatran Tiger: †¢ Domain: Eukaryote †¢ Kingdom: Animalia †¢ Phylum: Chordate †¢ Class: Mammalia †¢ Order: Carnivore †¢ Family: Felida †¢ Genus: Panthera †¢ Species: Tigris [5] The Sumatran Tiger (Panthera Tigris Sumatrae) only inhabits the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Since 1978, the population of the Sumatran Tiger has decreased by an estimated 60%. In the remaining patches of tropical-forest in Sumatra, this apex predator is classified as critically endangered with only fewer than 400 specimens left. Like their Javanese and Balinese relatives, the Sumatran Tiger could face extinction as a result of mass deforestation and illegal poaching. Being the smallest subspecies of tigers, males typically grow to over 2.3 meters long from head to tale and weigh up to 120 kilograms. The typical female Sumatran Tiger can weigh up to 95 kilograms and grow to an average length of 2.13 meters. Although females are slightly smaller in size, the main difference between male Sumatrans and female Sumatrans are that males have particularly long fur around their faces (as shown in the image on the right). Sumatran tigers are strong swimmers nonetheless are somewhat incompe tent climbers. Acknowledging their strong swimming capabilities, Sumatran tigers commonly roam the Leuser ecosystem’s peat forests, swamps, rivers and lowland rainforests hunting for prey. Their carnivorous diet generally consists of fish, birds, monkeys and ungulates. Preys that have theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Tiger873 Words   |  4 Pages Tigers are the largest members of the cat family. They live in Asia and belong to the same genus as the lion, leopard, and jaguar. Two major subspecies of the tiger are the Siberian tiger and the Bengal tiger. The tiger is thought to have originated in northern Asia during the Pleistocene Epoch. Scientific classification: Tigers belong to the family Felidae. 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Drug And Alcohol Use By Student Athletes Essay Example For Students

Drug And Alcohol Use By Student Athletes Essay The topic that I have chosen is student athletes use of drugs and alcohol. Im interested to see if the old theory that student athletes tend to stay away from these things still holds true today. From my own personal experience as a former high school and college football player, I doubt that this is true. Id also like to find some studies that may compare student athletes to the general student body to see if there is a correlation of usage between these two groups. With the many stories of athletes being arrested for alcohol and drug abuse, I feel this information may be helpful in setting up a drug prevention program at the high school or middle school level. Carr et al. (1990) looked at the frequency of alcohol use, intoxication, and attitudes concerning adolescent alcohol abuse. They found that male high school athletes both use and abuse alcohol more frequently than do non-athletes. Also male non-athletes tend to abstain from alcohol use more than the athletes do. They found no difference in the frequency of use or abuse of alcohol by female athletes and non-athletes. There was also no difference in the frequency of alcohol consumption between male and female athletes. But three fourths of the male athletes reported getting intoxicated when consuming alcohol compared to half of the female athletes. The study by Tricker and Connolly (1997) examined the attitudes of athletes who were at risk for using steroids, amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana. They found that seventeen percent of the athletes surveyed felt that marijuana use was an acceptable way to cope with the pressures of sport. Also the main reason for athletes abstaining from drug use was their fear of getting caught, rather than personal health risks. Another big influence of athletes using or not using drugs was peer pressure from teammates. Shields (1998) study looked at the in-season and off-season use of alcohol by high school athletes and also compared it to a similar study done w/ the same population in 1988. Overall, athletes are using alcohol less both in and off-season in the current study compared to 1988. Also they used less alcohol during their in-season than off-season. It was found that white athletes are 2.5 times more likely to use alcohol both in and off-season compared to black athletes. Hayes and Tevis (1977) looked for significant differences or relationships between high school athletes and non-athletes with respect to drinking behaviors and attitudes about alcohol use and abuse. They found non-athletes used alcohol more and were more tolerant of others using it compared to athletes. Overall, males had a more tolerant attitude than females toward temperate and irresponsible use of alcohol. There seemed to be a correlation between attitudes of irresponsible drinking and who drinks the most, being the more they drank the more tolerant their attitudes were. Overman and Terry (1991) compared the patterns of use and attitudes toward alcohol by college athletes and non-athletes. There was no significant difference between the drinking behaviors of athletes and non-athletes, though athletes did report drinking more beer. Athletes tended to limit drinking to weekends and special occasions, and seemed to think of it more as a celebration. Differences in drinking behaviors were found between black and white students with regards to choice of drink, frequency of drinking, problems caused by drinking. Ewing (1998) wanted to see if high school students who participated in athletics and a different pattern of marijuana use compared to non-athletes. He found male athletes are more likely to try marijuana and have used it more than their non-athlete counterparts. Female athletes are the opposite in that they use marijuana less than non-athletic females. But female athletes are more likely than non-athletes to wait until post-high school before trying it for the first time. Green et al. (1995) researched if there were psychological factors associated with alcohol use or non-use by high school athletes. They found that anger was a significant difference between athletes who use alcohol and those who dont. There were no other significant psychological differences found. The three main reasons athletes gave for drinking were to have a good time with friends, to celebrate, and to make one feel good. Tricker et al. (1989) looked at why college athletes are at risk for drug abuse and effecti ve drug prevention programs. They felt that drug prevention programs should try to improve the overall health of the student athlete along with deterring drug use. Also the drug education process should include more than just giving information and threatening athletes with negative consequences of drug use. Its been found that using sanctions and rules as a deterrent only influences a small number of athletes while the majority continue their drug use patterns. .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .postImageUrl , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:hover , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:visited , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:active { border:0!important; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:active , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Retired Volunteers EssayLeichliter et al. (1998) compared alcohol use, binge drinking, and substance abuse related consequences among non-athletes and athletes (including intramural athletics). Male and female athletes consumed significantly more alcohol per week, engaged in binge drinking more often, and suffered more adverse consequences from their substance abuse. Team leaders were found to be no more responsible in using alcohol compared to their teammates. In fact male captains drank more alcohol, binged more often, and suffered more consequences than their team members. Evans et al. (1992) investigated possible psychological factors associated with drug use by college athletes and compared athlete drug users to non-users. They found high alcohol users had significantly higher score on anger, fatigue, and vigor tests. When compared to females in the high use group for alcohol, those in the low/no use group felt more pressure from coaches to perform well. Overall, high alcohol users had higher self-esteem score than did low/no alcohol users. I felt that all of the research was beneficial to finding what the rate of drug and alcohol use is among student athletes. I also found that many of the articles had suggestions for improving drug and alcohol prevention programs, though most of these ideas were not very specific as to how to implement a program. I think this will be helpful to me when I become a guidance counselor and have to deal with these problems on a daily basis. Sports and Games

John G. Burnett free essay sample

Beginning from the Washington government in the 1 asss, the policy United States used to administrate the Indians was civilization and assimilation. Under the ambitious administration of Andrew Jackson, who was in favor of Western speculation, the Indians were forced to move from their homeland by the American Army. This is where John G. Burnett really endures the pain that the Indians felt. From the beginning of the United States government, Indian tribes were given rights to be treated as nations, and their rights be respected according to the Constitution.By this, the US government confirmed the authority of Indians on American land as they are the prior occupants, and their land should never be taken unless they agree or they lose in a war. Although the US government sounds just and fair in attitude, for years, Indians were intentionally tricked into treaties that ceded huge amount of territory to the whites, But it only took one Cherokee child to trade gold. We will write a custom essay sample on John G. Burnett or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is what started the removal of the Cherokees. Even though John G. Burnett story is short, it doesnt lack in examples of cause and effect.Like he tells us In 1828 and young Cherokee sold a white man a gold nugget. This is also where he explains the Cherokees are forever doomed. To compensate their moral beliefs because of their intensive usurpation of Indian land, US government brought up ideas that it is their duty to make new efforts for the preservation, improvement, and civilization of the native inhabitants By 1825, the Cherokees already established schools and agriculture, rather than their old traditions of hunting to make a living, was taught.The Cherokee, Sequoias, even invented the Cherokee alphabet. All these were signs of civilization of the semi-nomadic Indians. The Cherokee Indians and other southern tribes were more civilized and knowledgeable; there was much difficulty for the US to take land from them, because now they have learned to place a higher value upon the lands than more rude and savage tribes. No matter what, before the administration of Andrew Jackson, the US government was consistent on the policies on Indian tribes, which was concluding treaties with and civilization of Indians.These policies matched their moral values, that killing goes against the nature, as well as their political interests of gaining more land from the Indians. By the end of the Message, he fully exposed his desires of expansion by advising the Indians to emigrate beyond the Mississippi or submit to the laws of those States. Finally goals were achieved, as the Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress in 1830. The journey of Indian tribes was known as the Trail of Tears, as countless Indians died under the freezing weather and inadequate food supplies John G.Burnett got to witness and be a part of the American army and live it with these Native Americans. John wishes he hadnt been so silent after all because now he must live with these traumatic deaths. There are four thousand graves that he was silent about and as he says murder is murder, no matter who does it, or how it is done. This is where we look back. We see that we didnt have a fair and just government especially when you think about the 645 wagons that had suffering humanity aboard, Johnson G. Burnett.